Chlorophyll a is used as a measure of phytoplankton (microalgae) biomass. Phytoplankton biomass is controlled by factors such as water temperature and the availability of light and nutrients. Elevated phytoplankton levels can lead to reduced water clarity and decomposing phytoplankton can lead to reduced dissolved oxygen levels.
Chesapeake Bay - Indicator Details:
Threshold Map
This map shows how often chlorophyll a concentrations were above or below threshold concentrations between March and September 2009. Good water quality is characterized by chlorophyll a levels that are frequently below the threshold, resulting in high scores (shown in green). Poor water quality has chlorophyll a levels that are frequently above the threshold, resulting in low scores (shown in shades of orange and red). In 2009, a large portion of Chesapeake Bay had chlorophyll a levels that frequently exceeded threshold levels. These low scoring regions include most of the mid and lower mainstem Bay, the Lower Western Shore (MD), the York River, and the Patapsco and Back Rivers. Regions of Chesapeake Bay with chlorophyll a concentrations frequently below threshold levels (i.e., in good condition) tended to be in the upper reaches of the tributaries and Upper Bay region.
Chlorophyll a concentrations were measured at approximately 144 stations up to 12 times during the period of interest (March to May and July to September). The proportion of time that chlorophyll a levels were below the threshold levels at each station was calculated and then interpolated to provide estimates between the stations.
Data Map
This map shows average chlorophyll a concentrations in Chesapeake Bay from March to September 2009. Highest average chlorophyll a concentrations tended to occur in the Patapsco and Back Rivers, as well as portions of the Lower Western Shore (MD), Upper Eastern Shore, and the James River reporting regions. In these areas, average chlorophyll a concentrations often exceeded 25mg/l; these high concentrations are more than likely due to elevated nutrient availability. Low average chlorophyll a concentrations (in the 5-10 mg/l range) occurred in many areas of the bay this year, including most of the Mid and Lower Bay, Lower Eastern Shore (Tangier), and the upper reaches of the Potomac and York Rivers.
Chlorophyll a concentrations were measured at approximately 144 stations up to 12 times during the period of interest (March to May and July to September). The average chlorophyll a concentration at each station was calculated and estimates between stations were made by interpolation to visualize spatial patterns and trends.
Ranking
Comparison of Bay Health Index scores for 2009 (
| Score (%) | |
| 0 20 40 60 80 100 |
| James River | |
| Upper Bay | |
| Lower Eastern Shore (Tangier) | |
| Potomac River | |
| Rappahannock River | |
| Mid Bay | |
| Overall Bay | |
| Elizabeth River | |
| York River | |
| Upper Eastern Shore | |
| Choptank River | |
| Upper Western Shore | |
| Lower Western Shore (MD) | |
| Patuxent River | |
| Lower Bay | |
| Patapsco and Back Rivers | 0 |
This figure ranks each region from best to worst chlorophyll a scores for 2009. Good water quality is characterized by chlorophyll a levels that are frequently below the threshold, resulting in high scores (shown in green). Poor water quality tends to have chlorophyll a levels that are frequently above the threshold, resulting in low scores (shown in shades of orange and red). In 2009, the James River had the best overall chlorophyll a score, followed by the Upper Bay. The Patapsco and Back Rivers region received the lowest ranking, scoring a zero—indicating that chlorophyll a levels were always above the threshold levels. Also scoring very poorly (<20%) were the Upper Western Shore, Lower Western Shore (MD), Patuxent River, and Lower Bay regions. Frequently high levels of chlorophyll a, leading to the poor scores, are mainly due to excess nutrient availability.
Trends Graph
This graph is dynamic, you can: a) show and hide items by clicking them in the legend, b) select year range (click and drag), and c)
export as an image.
Threshold Levels
| Salinity Regime | Season | Reference Community Thresholds (µg L-1)* |
| Tidal Fresh | Spring | ≤14.0 |
| Oligohaline | Spring | ≤20.9 |
| Mesohaline | Spring | ≤6.2 |
| Polyhaline | Spring | ≤2.8 |
| Tidal Fresh | Summer | ≤12.0 |
| Oligohaline | Summer | ≤9.5 |
| Mesohaline | Summer | ≤7.7 |
| Polyhaline | Summer | ≤4.5 |
* Lacouture et al., Estuaries and Coasts (2006) & Buchanan et al., Estuaries (2005)
Additional Info
Relevant Web Sites
Chesapeake Bay Program - Bay Health Indicators
MD DNR - Eyes on the Bay
Virginia DEQ - Chesapeake Bay Monitoring Programs