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Celebrating 100 Years of Science! | 1925-2025

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Stone rip-rap installed by the property owners in an attempt to prevent shoreline erosion. Hardened edges along the Chesapeake Bay and its rivers reduces natural shoreline habitat that fish and other marine animals depend on for food and shelter.
Hardened shoreline prevents erosion
The oldest type of net used by the Chesapeake Bay watermen is called a pound net. Wooden stakes are pushed into the bottom of the Bay, spaced apart in a line that runs across the tide. Nets are strung between the stakes and along the bottom of the river, making a fish trap. In late February the pound netter starts to put in the stakes. By the middle of March he will set his nets and start fishing. Each day the waterman goes out to the pound net and scoops the fish out with a hand net. He will not remove the pound net, except for many repairs, until November.
Pound net
A graph depicts the low oxygen levels and high ammonium concentrations in 2005 that caused large algae blooms. This put more stress on the ecosystem, resulting in the fish kill.
2005 Corsica River Fish Kill
A conceptual diagram illustrates the factors that can stimulate the growth of harmful algal blooms in brackish rivers and how these blooms can negatively impact other species within the ecosystem.
Algal Bloom Causation and Impacts in Brackish…
A graph shows the relationship between nitrogen levels and the brown tide cell concentrations in Maryland's Chesapeake and Coastal Bays.
Aureococcus Anophagefferens Blooms and Nitrogen…
A conceptual diagram illustrates the factors that cause brown tide algae blooms to occur in high magnitudes and what impacts these blooms have on the rest of the ecosystem.
Causes and Impacts of Brown Tide Algal Blooms
A graph depicts the trend of increasing prorocentrum minimum levels since 1970 in the Chesapeake Bay.
Prorocentrum Minimum Levels since 1970
A conceptual diagram illustrates the key features of the Chesapeake Bay watershed as well as the inputs that stimulate eutrophication and the symptoms of eutrophication.
The Causes and Effects of Eutrophication
A graph depicts the increasingly high levels of hypoxia in the Chesapeake Bay since 1970.
Trends in Hypoxic Volume Since 1970
A baby terrapin makes its way to the water.
Baby diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin
In the section of the river above the dam builds up with sediment, making the dam shallower. High water flow causes scouring and the transport of sediment and associated nutrients over the dam. On this other side of the dam phosphorus mobilizes in reaction with salt water. Further down the river seagrass beds grow on the Susquehanna flats.
Conowingo Dam Reservoir and Susquehanna Flats…
The timing of tropical storms and hurricanes can have major impacts on the life histories of Chesapeake Bay flora and fauna. Changes in water salinity can cause early spawning in some species, such as the blue crab, and increased sediment can cause widespread die-off of seagrasses.
Storm Timing and Impacts on Chesapeake Bay Flora…
As land use in the Chilika Lake area changes from forest to settlements and paddy agriculture sewage, and fertilizer and pesticides runoff increases into the Lake. This extra nutrient input results in algae blooms that float and sit on the bottom.
Chilika Lake Pollution Pressure
During monsoon season excess sediment is deposited in Chilika Lake, mostly from Mahanadi River tributaries, nearby settlements, and agricultural lands. As the Lake becomes more shallow and its sea outlets fill in with sediment, increased flooding occurs.
Chilika Lake Sedimentation
Excess nutrients will result in increased chlorophyll and turbidity, limiting the amount of light that reaches benthic sediment. Light is essential for healthy submerged aquatic vegetation growth.
Light and Dark Conditions Impact on Submerged…
View of the beach at Hunting Island State Park in South Carolina.
Hunting Island State Park, South Carolina
Mangroves and oyster reefs in the Ten Thousand Islands, Florida.
Mangroves and oyster reefs
Mangroves and oyster reefs at Pumpkin Bay in the Ten Thousand Islands, Florida.
Mangroves and oyster reefs
Sunset over Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge
Blackwater sunset
Sunset over Choptank River in Maryland
Choptank River sunset
Sunset through trees over Choptank River in Maryland
Choptank River sunset with trees
Diagram showing example indicators for nearshore marine habitat in the Pacific, including coral cover, coral health, fish biomass, fish richness, and water quality.
Diagram showing example indicators for nearshore…
Diagram showing key threats to Pacific Island nations.
Diagram showing key threats to Pacific Island…
Illustration of a volcanic island with reef, waterfall and atoll
Reef 3D: volcanic island with waterfall and atoll
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