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Symbol Package
Illustration of a 2D coastline indicating sea-level rise and continental slope
Coastline 2D: sea-level rise with continental…
Illustration of a 2D coastline with sea-level rise and increased swell
Coastline 2D: sea-level rise with increased swell
Illustration of a 3D coastline with barrier island and lagoon system
Coastline 3D: barrier island lagoon system
Illustration of a bay with barrier island.
Coastline 3D: bay with barrier island
Comparison of a coastline with high vs low marsh.
Coastline 3D: comparison high vs low marsh
Illustration of a modified shoreline.
Coastline 3D: modified shoreline
Illustration of a 3D coastline showing mountains to open ocean.
Coastline 3D: mountains to open ocean
Illustration of a 3D coastline with mountains to open ocean and upwelling.
Coastline 3D: mountains to open ocean with…
Illustration of a coastline with a natural, unmodified shoreline.
Coastline 3D: natural shoreline
Illustration of a volcanic island with barrier reef.
Reef 3D: volcanic island with barrier reef 2
Illustration of volcanic islands with reefs.
Reef 3D: volcanic islands with reefs
Detailed illustration of Assawoman Bay watershed in Maryland, USA
USA MD: Assawoman Bay 3D watershed (detailed)
Comparison of a watershed, showing healthy and unhealthy.
Watershed 3D: comparison good vs bad
Line Fisher; Indonesia
Line Fisher; Indonesia
Illustration of Plectorhinchus polytaenia (Ribboned Sweetlips)
Plectorhinchus polytaenia (Ribboned Sweetlips)
Illustration of Thunnus albacares (Yellowfin Tuna)
Thunnus albacares (Yellowfin Tuna)
Illustration of Bolbometopon muricatum (Green Humphead Parrotfish)
Bolbometopon muricatum (Green Humphead Parrotfish)
Illustration of Caranx ignobilis (Giant Trevally)
Caranx ignobilis (Giant Trevally)
Illustration of Myripristis vittata (Bigeye Soldierfish)
Myripristis vittata (Bigeye Soldierfish)
Ideal conditions required for growth of any particular organism vary over scales of time and space. This occurs because the success of a habitat and associated organisms are dependent on a variety of factors. By protecting several replicates of similar habitats in the system, along an environmental gradient, the likelihood increases that at least one habitat will be healthy in any particular year. The life cycle of lobsters shows that just one species needs many connected habitats to survive and reproduce.
Habitat patchwork
One approach to the development of better coastal and marine policy and management is the concept of marine managed areas (MMAs). A MMA is an area of ocean, or combination of land and ocean, where human activities are managed toward common goals. MMAs are a form of ecosystem-based management, where all elements of a particular system are considered together. When the principles of a marine managed area are fully implemented, the resulting benefits to both the environment and humans can be optimized.
Marine managed areas
Marine and coastal resources and habitats are used more intensively and thus, are degraded. In addition, global climate change is affects coasts and oceans. Traditional single-sector management is no longer adequate, and governance systems are struggling to keep up with modern technology and practices. In many cases, these conditions have led to unsustainable development. The goal of marine conservation is to address these challenges by promoting sustainable development and resource use.
Sustainable vs. unsustainable development
Illustration of Kalaupapa National Historical Park in Hawaii, USA
USA HI: Kalaupapa National Historical Park
Illustration of Balistapus undulatus (Orange-lined Triggerfish)
Balistapus undulatus (Orange-lined Triggerfish)
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