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Celebrating 100 Years of Science! | 1925-2025

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Conceptual diagram illustrating that wastewater treatment plants with biological nutrient removal contribute the least amount of nitrogen to groundwater annually per household.
Comparing septic and sewage systems
The sequence of events leading to record harmful algal blooms in the Indian River Lagoon ecosystem in March 2016. Over 100 tons of fish were killed.
A deadly sequence of events in Florida
A conceptual diagram illustrates the factors that can stimulate the growth of harmful algal blooms in brackish rivers and how these blooms can negatively impact other species within the ecosystem.
Algal Bloom Causation and Impacts in Brackish…
A graph shows the relationship between nitrogen levels and the brown tide cell concentrations in Maryland's Chesapeake and Coastal Bays.
Aureococcus Anophagefferens Blooms and Nitrogen…
A conceptual diagram illustrates the factors that cause brown tide algae blooms to occur in high magnitudes and what impacts these blooms have on the rest of the ecosystem.
Causes and Impacts of Brown Tide Algal Blooms
A graph illustrates the issue that the use of nitrogen fertilizers in Maryland has more than doubled since 1970.
Increased Nitrogen Fertilizer Use in Maryland…
Ranking tributaries by water quality, then by diffuse nitrogen sources can help to determine which watersheds are high priority. High priority watersheds are those responsible for proportionally more nutrient and sediment inputs to receiving waters than other watersheds.
Steps to Identifying High Priority Tributaries
Illustration for total nitrogen
Total nitrogen (TN)
Simplified conceptual diagram of the water cycle and major sources of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment pollution to the Chesapeake Bay.
Groundwater Diagram
A diagram showing that inorganic nitrogen (N) in wet deposition has decreased in the Chesapeake Bay watershed between the periods 1989–1991 and 2001–2009.
Inorganic Nitrogen in Chesapeake Bay Watershed…
Illustration to depict fertilizer
Fertilizer
Horse manure is composted on an Eastern Shore of Maryland farm.
Horse manure compost pile
Conceptual diagram illustrating a cross section of an array of sampling wells surrounding a Class V injection well to determine rate and direction of wastewater plume and concentration of nutrients as the plume moves through limestone.
Cross section of sampling well array
Conceptual diagram illustrating how phytoplankton blooms in eastern Florida Bay and southern Biscayne Bay were sustained through feedback loops among ecosystem components.
Phytoplankton bloom feedback loops
Ben Fertig prepares to make a presentation at the UMCES Horn Point lab, in Cambridge, Maryland, regarding how nitrogen levels in oyster tissue can be used as an indicator of estuary nitrogen sources.
UMCES Horn Point Lecture Hall
Outhouse
Outhouse
Conceptual diagram illustrating two different methods of measuring a coastal bay. Sixty fixed monitoring stations indicate threshold concentration of nitrogen in the coastal bays.
Spatially fixed sampling
Conceptual diagram illustrating model for anthropogenic nitrogen exchanges in a watershed.
Anthropogenic nitrogen exchanges
Conceptual diagram illustrating the process in which acid rain is produced.
Causes of acid rain
Conceptual diagram illustrating the elements that contribute towards a healthy lagoon that has a good balance of nutrient and biota, versus the elements of a eutrophic ecosystem, which includes increased sediment and nutrient from farming and industry, and creates for an unhealthy lagoon.
Healthy & eutrophic coastal lagoons
Conceptual diagram illustrating a mathematical model which represents nitrogen inputs and exports in coastal bays.
Nitrogen exchange in a coastal bay
Conceptual diagram illustrating the long term restoration goals in the Chesapeake Bay, USA.
Chesapeake Bay restoration goals
Conceptual diagram illustrating the affects of climate change on the habitat of striped bass in a coastal/marine ecosystem.
Squeeze Zone for Striped Bass
Conceptual Diagram illustrating the percentage of nitrogen input in the Chesapeake Bay.
Nitrogen input in the Chesapeake Bay
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